The president of the International Biathlon Union told the police that the young woman who had come to his hotel in Moscow was a prostitute, but he was hazy on the details. He did not remember the date or even who had paid for her services, he told the Austrian investigators, but it had assuredly not been him.
The president, Anders Besseberg, had led biathlon’s governing body for more than two decades by then, and he was accustomed to receiving gifts from his Russian hosts. Cash-filled briefcases. Luxury vacations. Frequently, he was even provided with young women as an aide during trips to World Cup biathlon events.
And for decades, according to a report commissioned by biathlon’s new leadership, Besseberg repaid the Russian favors by doing the country’s bidding — defending its athletes, assailing its critics and even blocking efforts to root out doping by its teams.
The yearslong effort to manipulate Besseberg, and later his top deputy, was so effective that at the height of Russia’s state-run doping scandal one Russian official boasted to a colleague that the country had little to fear in biathlon — a grueling endurance sport that combines precision shooting with cross-country ski racing — because he had Besseberg “under his control.”
Besseberg’s conduct is described in detail in the report commissioned by biathlon’s governing body and published on Thursday. The report, the product of a two-year investigation that involved interviews with dozens of witnesses and access to evidence in an Austrian criminal investigative file, laid out Russia’s efforts to co-opt Besseberg and the deputy, Nicole Resch, as it sought to bury positive doping tests, thwart investigations and evade punishment.
Read Biathlon’s Report on Its Former Leaders
A report commissioned by the International Biathlon Union said its former president, Anders Besseberg, accepted gifts from Russians and then publicly defended the country, its athletes and its interests.
Read Document 220 pagesBesseberg, a Norwegian, and Resch, a German who served as biathlon’s No. 2 official, left their posts in 2018 after Austrian and Norwegian authorities announced criminal investigations into their conduct. The biathlon investigators’ report noted that neither had yet been charged with a crime, and it stressed that it had made no finding that either had committed one.
Both Besseberg and Resch have denied wrongdoing even as they refused to meet with investigators and answer questions. There was no immediate response from their lawyers for comment on the report.
But a redacted version of the report, which was reviewed by The New York Times, offers an unusually lurid look inside the pampered world of sports governance, where five-star hotels and six-figure payoffs are not uncommon. Russia’s effort to influence biathlon’s leadership, the report said, took the form of favors like tens of thousands of dollars in cash, hunting trips and luxury gifts.
The report also laid out what it contends Russia got in return: Besseberg would defend Russia publicly and privately; biathlon’s leaders would cover up positive doping-test results and block investigations that might implicate Russian athletes; and Russian officials, including one once convicted of attempting to arrange a murder, would continue to play an influential role in the sport even after the country was caught running a vast doping program.
The scheme appeared to have worked exactly as designed. Russia has long been one of the world’s biathlon powerhouses, claiming places on medals stands alongside suspicious rivals at every Winter Games since 1960. In recent decades, though, Russia’s success had only grown: During Besseberg’s 25-year tenure as I.B.U. president, Russia won at least three medals at each Winter Olympics, and at times as many as five, until it was shut out at the 2018 Pyeongchang Games, the first to be held after the scale of the country’s state-run doping scandal was revealed.
Multiple investigations have found biathlon to have been among the sports most compromised by Russian doping, a sport so rife with cheating that a former Russian national coach once said he could count the number of clean athletes “on one hand.” Several Russian champions and Olympic medalists were later implicated in doping. A handful have been stripped of their medals.
“In the commission’s view,” the report’s authors wrote of Besseberg’s conduct, “the pattern of corrupt and unethical decision-making was apparent long before evidence of an institutionalized doping conspiracy in Russia started to emerge in 2014 and 2015, but it was clearly exposed by Mr. Besseberg’s woeful response to that evidence, even as it turned inexorably from a trickle to a stream to a torrent.” By then, the report said, Besseberg was openly taking Russia’s side against loud criticism and mounting evidence.
The 220-page report is damning in its detail. Using whistle-blower testimony, evidence from the police and a separate investigation by the World Anti-Doping Agency, it paints a stunning picture of Russia’s yearslong effort to corrupt Besseberg.
He is accused of receiving at least $200,000 — and perhaps much more — from Russian officials as the country came under mounting pressure after its doping conspiracy came to light. Aware of Besseberg’s passion for hunting, Russians also repeatedly invited him on hunting trips in their country. Staff members at the Austria-based I.B.U. said Besseberg then would use official vehicles to transport his hunting trophies to his home in Norway.
His appetite, however, was not limited to money and hunting.
“It was notorious within I.B.U. circles that Mr. Besseberg’s hosts would often provide him with the services of a young, female ‘interpreter’ when he visited Russia,” the report said.
Though he did not cooperate with biathlon’s investigation, Besseberg admitted to the police that he had been provided a prostitute in Moscow on a single occasion between 2010 and 2014, but denied specific knowledge of who had sent the woman, saying only that it was “someone, probably from the Organizing Committee,” the report said.
The investigators said that they had evidence that the incident was not the only such arrangement made, and that Besseberg had confirmed to the police that he had sexual encounters with other women at various biathlon events. But the report connected Besseberg’s acceptance of Russian gifts and favors with his actions and public statements on Russia’s behalf, and said that “justifies an inference that he did so in exchange for illicit reward, and/or because he was compromised.”
“In the commission’s view,” the report concluded, “Mr. Besseberg’s support for Russian interests went well beyond that general concern, and indeed well beyond all rational bounds.”
The report cited Besseberg’s repeated efforts to publicly downplay and ridicule the evidence provided to investigators by one of the masterminds of Russia’s doping program, Grigory Rodchenkov, and to belittle and dismiss the finding of a World Anti-Doping Agency investigation that later led to Russia’s ban from global sports.
Yet even after the widespread doping conspiracy was revealed and then substantiated by investigators, Besseberg, who was at the time a member of the WADA board, pushed his executive body to ignore calls by antidoping organizations for sports federations to re-examine their doping measures, and to stop allowing Russia to host events. In 2016, for example, Besseberg told biathlon’s leaders that they could, and should, grant the 2021 world championships to Tyumen, Russia. One informant, according to the report, said Besseberg stood up ahead of the vote and instructed delegates in no uncertain terms to “vote for Russia.”
Later, when Russia’s participation at the 2018 Winter Games in South Korea came under fire, Besseberg lobbied on behalf of Russian biathletes, according to the report, arguing that Russia’s biathlon federation and its athletes were blameless in the doping scandal and should be allowed to participate at the Games.
Jonathan Taylor, the British lawyer who led the biathlon investigation, previewed the report released Thursday at the biathlon union’s annual congress in November. In that private presentation, he highlighted eight cases involving Russian athletes that the governing body had covered up and dealt with only years later.
The president of the World Anti-Doping Agency, Witold Banka, said in a statement after the release of the report on Thursday that his organization had provided information to both the biathlon investigators and the police pursuing corruption cases, and that the agency remained “in close communication with law enforcement authorities in Austria and Norway.”
“The allegations featured in this report are abhorrent to all who care about sport integrity,” Banka said.
Investigators said they had also uncovered examples of pro-Russian activity by Besseberg that occurred before the revelations about its doping program. In one instance in 2009, a former Russian Olympic biathlete and I.B.U. vice president, Alexander Tikhonov, reportedly offered a jewelry box to Resch in the hope that she wouldn’t pursue evidence of doping by Russian athletes. Resch told Besseberg about the offer, but he took no action, the report said.
In subsequent years, according to the report, Resch also appeared to place Russian interests ahead of the biathlon union’s public insistence that it had a zero-tolerance policy toward doping.
The report documented how Resch, while serving as biathlon’s secretary general, failed to follow usual protocols when highly abnormal values were discovered in the blood samples of the Russian biathlete Evgeny Ustyugov at the 2014 Winter Olympics. Ustyugov went on to claim a gold medal. (He has since been stripped of that medal and several others.)
A year later, after a used syringe containing the illegal blood-boosting substance EPO was found at a World Cup event, Resch colluded with Besseberg to stifle an investigation that might have matched the DNA found in the syringe with a specific athlete, the report said. When she was later asked by members of biathlon’s athletes committee about what steps the I.B.U. had taken, Resch claimed that the organization had sent the syringe to the police and checked athlete data records from the past 10 years. “The evidence indicates that the I.B.U. did neither of those things,” the report said.
Resch’s pro-Russia stance, the report said, was perhaps most evident in her efforts to support three Russian biathletes in their appeals after they were found guilty of doping. Though she was entitled to hold views that were sympathetic toward the athletes, the investigators wrote, they found “clear evidence” she had crossed a line by offering strategic advice on how to pursue the appeals. She even encouraged the three women to seek damages from WADA, Rodchenkov and Richard McLaren, the Canadian lawyer whose 2016 report revealed the full scale of Russia’s cheating program.
Resch, the biathlon report said, cited poor health when she declined to speak with investigators.
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