(CNN)Hurricane Ida made landfall in Louisiana on Sunday, exactly 16 years to the day after Hurricane Katrina slammed into the state and became the deadliest and costliest hurricane to hit the US in recorded history.
The two storms share some key similarities in terms of their date, strength, location and their destructive impact on the region's power grid and water systems. But the major hurricanes also have clear differences in their paths -- and New Orleans and its rebuilt levees are different, too, from that fateful day 16 years ago that left over 1,800 people dead.
A day after Ida hit the state, here's an early look at how the two storms compare.
Their strength and path
Though both major hurricanes hit Louisiana, the two storms differ in clear meteorological ways and in their paths through the state.
Katrina first made landfall early on August 29, 2005, as a Category 3 storm with maximum winds of about 125 mph near Buras, Louisiana, the National Hurricane Center said. It had been a Category 5 storm in the Gulf of Mexico and weakened significantly before making landfall, but that prior strength meant that it created a very high storm surge.
Katrina was also huge in geographic size, and hurricane force winds stretched up to 110 miles from its center.
Photos: Hurricane Ida devastates Gulf Coast
Theophilus Charles, 70, sits inside his damaged home in Houma, Louisiana, on Monday, August 30.
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Residents wave at a US Coast Guard helicopter while waiting to be rescued from their flooded home in LaPlace, Louisiana, on Monday.
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The highway is flooded near LaPlace on Monday.
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Residents are rescued from floodwaters in LaPlace on Monday.
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A damaged historic building lays in ruin in the Central Business District of New Orleans on Monday.
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A destroyed car is seen Monday after an apartment building burned overnight in Kenner, Louisiana.
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A resident walks through floodwaters in LaPlace on Monday.
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Siblings watch men assess damage outside of a hotel Monday in Houma.
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A woman pushes a stroller past a boarded up building in the French Quarter of New Orleans on Monday.
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A downed tree lies on a house in New Orleans on Monday.
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Jeremy Hodges, left, and his brother Jacob work to clear debris from their destroyed storage unit in Houma on Monday.
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Members of the Louisiana National Guard help with recovery efforts in New Orleans on Monday.
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A man looks up next to a section of roof that was ripped off a building in the French Quarter of New Orleans on Monday.
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Streets are flooded Monday in Kenner.
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Lights from a TV broadcast illuminate an otherwise dark Bourbon Street in New Orleans on Monday. More than 1 million customers in Louisiana were without power Monday morning, according to PowerOutage.US -- including all of New Orleans.
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Montegut Fire Chief Toby Henry walks back to his fire truck in the rain as firefighters cut through trees on the road in Bourg, Louisiana, on Sunday, August 29.
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Firefighters cut through downed trees on a road in Bourg on Sunday.
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Barges are seen docked on the Mississippi River as Hurricane Ida hits Destrehan, Louisiana, on Sunday.
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People walk through the French Quarter in New Orleans on Sunday.
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European Space Agency astronaut Thomas Pesquet took this photo of Hurricane Ida on Sunday from the International Space Station.
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The Royal Dutch Shell refinery in Norco, Louisiana, is seen as Hurricane Ida makes landfall Sunday. More than 95% of the Gulf of Mexico's oil production facilities have been shut down, regulators said, indicating the storm's significant impact on energy supply.
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People work inside the Federal Emergency Management Agency's headquarters in Washington, DC, on Sunday.
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A cyclist wears a face mask while biking through the rain and high winds on Canal Street in New Orleans on Sunday.
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Firefighters look out the window of a shelter in Bourg on Sunday as the storm passes.
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Storm clouds pass over a cemetery in New Orleans on Sunday.
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LaKeisha Verdin holds her 3-month-old son, Kevin, as she walks onto the front porch where her family was watching weather updates on the local news Sunday in Houma.
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A news crew reports from the edge of Lake Pontchartrain in New Orleans on Sunday.
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Wind blows Monroe Best's hair and face mask Sunday in New Orleans.
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Bourbon Street in New Orleans is nearly empty on Sunday.
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A vehicle is abandoned in a flooded ditch next to the highway Sunday in Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi.
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A man carrying his belongings walks past a sign outside the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center in New Orleans on Sunday.
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A wall of rain moves over downtown New Orleans on Sunday.
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The Boudreaux family sits on their front porch Sunday as they await the arrival of Hurricane Ida.
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A man walks along the Mississippi River near the French Quarter in New Orleans early Sunday.
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People stand in line at Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport on Saturday, August 28. Many residents were evacuating the area ahead of Hurricane Ida.
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Crews reopen a flood gate to help trapped motorists who missed a closure deadline on Saturday.
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Keith Clark brings a rope to a friend to help tie down a houseboat before he evacuates Jean Lafitte, Louisiana, on Saturday.
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Nikeia Washington from Vacherie, Louisiana, holds her granddaughter, Halia Zenon, at a hotel in downtown Shreveport, Louisiana, where they evacuated to ahead of the storm.
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People walk down Bourbon Street in New Orleans on Saturday. Evacuation was voluntary for parts of the city inside its flood protection system. Other areas were under a mandatory evacuation order.
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Larry Ackman, bottom, helps neighbor Mike Jackson, left, and his son Cody board up windows Saturday in Morgan City, Louisiana.
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Traffic moves slowly along I-10 West on Saturday in Vinton, Louisiana, as residents evacuate toward Texas.
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A man drives a tractor through a flooded street Saturday in Guanimar, Cuba. Before entering the Gulf, Ida made landfall twice over Cuba as a Category 1 hurricane.
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President Joe Biden speaks during a FEMA briefing on Hurricane Ida on Saturday. "This weekend is the anniversary of Hurricane Katrina," Biden said, "and it's a stark reminder that we have to do everything we can to prepare the people in the region to make sure we're ready to respond."
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Dawn breaks over a Hurricane Katrina memorial at Shell Beach in St. Bernard, Louisiana, on Saturday. Katrina made landfall on August 29, 2005.
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Clare and Joe Cermak work on putting storm shutters up on their home in Louisiana's St. Charles Parish on Saturday.
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Highway traffic moves slowly overnight Saturday near Kenner, Louisiana, as many residents evacuate ahead of Hurricane Ida.
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Gregory Moore, left, helps fill sand bags as residents in Gulfport, Mississippi, prepare for the storm on Saturday.
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John Guenther unloads about 400 crab traps that he had to pull out of the water and move via flatbed trailer to dry near his home in the eastern St. Bernard Parish on Friday, August 27.
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Jennifer Tate fuels up a gas can Friday in Pass Christian, Mississippi.
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Workers stack bags of ice into a gas station freezer on Friday in Jefferson, Louisiana.
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A resident hammers the shutters of a 100-year-old house in New Orleans on Friday.
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The storm brought hurricane conditions to Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama, and dumped 8 to 12 inches of rain along its track. Importantly, Katrina caused major storm surge flooding 25 to 28 feet above normal tide level along parts of the Mississippi coast, and storm surge flooding of 10 to 20 feet above normal tide levels along the southeastern Louisiana coast, according to the National Weather Service.
Ida, meanwhile, made landfall around midday Sunday as a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 150 mph near Port Fourchon, the NHC said. Ida had rapidly strengthened in the 24 hours leading up to landfall but was smaller in size than Katrina, and hurricane-force winds stretched only up to 45 miles from its center.
Ida also moved slower than Katrina. Ida traveled about 100 miles inland in the first 12 hours after landfall Sunday, while Katrina moved about 240 miles inland in its first 12 hours after landfall.
The two storms also differ in the path they took through Louisiana. Ida first made landfall at Port Fourchon, about 40 miles west-southwest of Buras, where Katrina first hit. Ida then moved into Louisiana west of New Orleans, while Katrina pushed east of the city in 2005.
Hurricanes spin in a counter-clockwise direction, and the eastern side of a hurricane has the strongest winds, so New Orleans experienced each storm differently. In 2005, Katrina passed east of New Orleans and Lake Pontchartrain, so its winds pushed water from the lake south into the city, causing more flooding.
This weekend, Ida passed to the west of the city, bringing stronger winds to New Orleans but also pushing the lake's water away from the city.
"I think that we're going to see the wind damage (with Ida) could be worse than Katrina," CNN meteorologist Judson Jones said.
The levees
The biggest difference between these two storms is that New Orleans and its vital levee system has been remade in the intervening years.
New Orleans sits partly below sea level south of Lake Pontchartrain and is already vulnerable to flooding. A complex system of levees, pumps, canals and floodwalls run by the US Army Corps of Engineers protect it from regular flooding.
Katrina was so catastrophic primarily because the very high storm surge overtopped the levee system in Orleans and St. Bernard parishes, leading to levee failures and breaches. Most of the breaches were due to erosion from overtopping, but a few breaches occurred before the waters even reached the top of the floodwalls, the NHC said in a post-storm analysis.
The failure of the levee system created extensive flooding and destroyed much of the city.
"Overall, about 80% of the city of New Orleans flooded, to varying depths up to about 20 ft, within a day or so after landfall of the eye," the NHC said.
Photos: Hurricane Katrina
Water surrounds homes just east of downtown New Orleans the day after Hurricane Katrina made landfall in August 2005.
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Cars sit in traffic as people flee New Orleans on August 28, 2005. The next day, Katrina made landfall as a Category 3 hurricane with winds near 127 mph.
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Strong winds blow the roof off the Backyard Barbeque restaurant in Kenner, Louisiana, as Katrina makes landfall on August 29, 2005.
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Arnold James tries to keep his feet as a strong gust nearly blows him over in New Orleans. The roof on his home blew off, forcing him to seek shelter at the Superdome.
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National Guard trucks haul displaced New Orleans residents to the Superdome a day after the hurricane flooded their neighborhoods. About 25,000 evacuees were sheltered at the stadium.
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Police officer Terrence Gray helps Lovie Mae Allen and group of children evacuate their flooded homes in Gulfport, Mississippi.
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A man swims by the Circle Food Store in flooded New Orleans.
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The hands of Shirley Ward, 40, are waterlogged after she was rescued on New Orleans' Rocheblave Street.
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Paramedic David Mitchell examines Greg Farteberry on the roof of a destroyed home in New Orleans as Farteberry's friend Eric Charles holds his hand. Farteberry broke his ankle during the storm and spent the night on the roof until he was rescued.
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A New Orleans resident carries bottled water as she walks through oil-coated floodwaters downtown.
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A mother and her children are rescued by boat in New Orleans' Lower Ninth Ward.
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Coast Guard Petty Officer 2nd Class Scott D. Rady pulls a pregnant woman from her flooded New Orleans home.
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Evelyn Turner cries alongside the body of her longtime companion, Xavier Bowie, after he died in New Orleans. Turner and Bowie decided to ride out Hurricane Katrina when they could not find a way to leave the city. Bowie, who had lung cancer, died when he ran out of oxygen. He was 57.
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Floodwaters pour through a levee along the Inner Harbor Navigational Canal near downtown New Orleans.
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New Orleans police officer Mark Wilson yells at people in stores looters on Canal Street. In Katrina's aftermath, many questioned whether some people accused of looting were just people scavenging for the supplies they needed to survive.
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A section of the Mississippi bridge connecting Ocean Springs with Biloxi was wiped out by the storm.
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In this handout photo provided by the White House, President George W. Bush looks out over Katrina devastation as he rides Air Force One back to Washington, DC.
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New Orleans police and volunteers use boats to rescue residents from a flooded neighborhood on the east side of New Orleans.
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Cars are piled up in debris in Gulfport, Mississippi.
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Boats travel down a flooded highway in New Orleans.
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The Stump family stays in their car in Biloxi, Mississippi, after their home was destroyed by Katrina.
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New Orleans residents are rescued by a helicopter on August 31, 2005, two days after Katrina made landfall.
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Members of the National Guard, standing in the foreground, watch over evacuees who took shelter at the Superdome in New Orleans. The shaft of light came from a hole in the roof of the dome.
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From left, Tam Cu, Jason Jackson and Linda Bryant look for belongings from Bryant's home, which was devastated in Biloxi, Mississippi.
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Jason Jennison, an aviation survival technician with the US Coast Guard, pulls a Katrina survivor aboard a helicopter in New Orleans.
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Residents wait to be rescued from a rooftop in New Orleans on September 1, 2005.
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Wind and water damage to the Superdome roof created unsafe conditions, leading authorities to conduct emergency evacuations there.
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Members of the National Guard stand outside the Superdome as emotional evacuees await their next destination.
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A dead body is seen in the foreground as people push a boat outside the Superdome on September 2, 2005.
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A military helicopter makes a food and water drop near the Convention Center in New Orleans.
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Thousands of New Orleans residents gather at a evacuation staging area along Interstate 10 in Metairie, Louisiana.
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Terri Jones tries to cool Dorthy Divic, an 89-year-old who was overheated and exhausted at the Convention Center in New Orleans.
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This aerial photo shows a flooded neighborhood adjacent to the 12th Street levee in New Orleans.
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Charlene Veillon hugs her grandson Thearon Ellis after they learned that her daughter Joanna Ellis was killed during Hurricane Katrina in Waveland, Mississippi.
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A man clings to the top of a vehicle in New Orleans before being rescued by the Coast Guard.
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A man in the foreground looks at Katrina evacuees who received food, shelter and medical attention at the Astrodome in Houston.
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Eugene Green holds his baby, Eugene Jr., as they wait to be airlifted from a highway overpass in New Orleans on September 4, 2005.
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Leonard Thomas cries after a SWAT team burst into the flooded New Orleans home he and his family were living in. Neighbors had reported that they were squatting in the house in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, but the authorities left after his family proved they owned the house.
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A helicopter drops sandbags to plug a levee in New Orleans on September 11, 2005.
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Since then, the levee and pump system has been revamped to protect against another such failure.
It remains early, but as of midday Monday, the rebuilt levees have largely worked as designed. The Southeast Louisiana Flood Protection Authority East said that its levees held and were not overtopped during Hurricane Ida. "There have been no issues with our pumps," the authority said. The New Orleans Flood Protection Authority also said the levee system functioned as designed.
Jefferson Parish assessor Tom Capella, who was chairman of the Jefferson Parish council in 2005 and remembers Katrina's devastation, said he had not heard of any such widespread flooding in the parish on Monday.
"As we sit here, if you're looking for the good news, the levees held," he said. "I'm looking out my window and there are shingles down, but I don't see the complete and utter devastation of 6 feet of water in people's houses like we had for Katrina."
Louisiana Gov. John Bel Edwards told MSNBC on Monday that clean up from Hurricane Ida will take a while, but the levee "performed extremely well."
"If we had to deal with a failed levee system this morning, it would be completely unimaginable and thank goodness that is not what we are dealing with today," he said.
Ramsey Green, New Orleans deputy chief administrative officer for infrastructure, emphasized the upgraded levee system on Saturday ahead of the storm.
"This is a different city than it was August 28, 2005, in terms of infrastructure and safety," he said at a news conference.
Green called the city's levee system "an unprecedentedly powerful protection for the city," which has three lines of defense: the coast, the wetlands and the levee system.
"I think from that perspective, we need to be comfortable and we need to know that we'll be in a much better place than we were 16 years ago," Green said.
"That said, if we have 10 to 20 inches of rain over an abbreviated period of time, we will see flooding. We don't know at this moment -- we see 15 to 20 inches over 48 hours or less, and we can handle it, depending on the event."
The power grid and water systems
Ida has not caused a catastrophic levee failure, but like Katrina, it still has caused severe damage to the region's power grid and water systems.
In particular, Ida had knocked out electricity for more than a million customers as of midday Monday, according to Poweroutage.US, a site that tracks outages. New Orleans City Council Member Joe Giarrusso said there are eight transmission lines into New Orleans and Jefferson Parish and all eight have been knocked out.
Entergy Louisiana, the company that provides power to 1.1 million customers in Louisiana, said it will likely take days to determine the damage and "far longer" to restore electrical transmission.
"The most dangerous part of a storm is often just after it has passed," Entergy said, because "downed power lines may still be energized."
The outages have also led to water issues, the Sewage and Water Board of New Orleans said Sunday. The board asked residents to limit water usage and said it is "experiencing challenges" keeping up with demand.
Capella, the Jefferson County assessor, said he's concerned that Ida knocked out power and has impacted the water treatment system. "It is clearly significant damage to the power grids and more importantly to the water system right now," he said Monday.
Ida also arrived during the Covid-19 pandemic, adding another variable to the recovery efforts.
Back in 2005, Katrina caused widespread power outages and left about three million people without electricity, including some for several weeks, according to the NHC. The storm also displaced more than a million people in the Gulf region.
The lack of power and water infamously created horrific conditions at a flooded Memorial Medical Center, where 45 bodies were eventually found. The total damage from Katrina was estimated to be $125 billion (or $176.3 billion in 2021 dollars), according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
In addition, cell service was down for a large swath of the region both during Katrina and in Ida.
"The communications here are similar to what it was after Katrina," Slidell Police Chief Randy Fandal said Monday. "The damages are not the same as Katrina but as far as the operations, communications, all cell phones, none of the cell phones are working, phone lines are not working, we have very limited communications ourselves."
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